estoppel- a bar to alleging or denying a fact because of one's own previous contrary actions or words |
estoppel is a bar which precludes a person from denying or asserting anything to the contrary of that which has, in contemplation of law, been established as the truth, either by the acts of judicial or legislative officers, or by his own deed, acts, or representations, either express or implied.
Estoppel by record - res judicata where the orders or judgments made in previous legal proceedings prevent the parties from relitigating the same issues or causes of action,
Estoppel by deed Where rules of evidence prevent a litigant from denying the truth of what was said or done.
Reliance-based estoppels - promissory estoppel, and proprietary estoppel.